This event will explore how the EU’s Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) can integrate a rights-based approach that ensures the meaningful involvement of Indigenous Peoples and respects their rights. Highlighting examples from the Sami Peoples in Sweden and the Lithium Triangle as exemplified by the situation of Indigenous Peoples in Argentina, the discussion will address challenges such as water insecurity, gaps in Free, Prior, and Informed Consent, and the need for fair benefit-sharing. Furthermore, the main messages of the recently launched report of the Business and Human Rights Resource Center and IPRI, “Exploring Shared Prosperity: Indigenous Leadership and Partnerships for a Just Transition,” will be shared. With 54% of energy transition minerals located on or near Indigenous Peoples’ lands, meaningful participation of Indigenous Peoples in the CRMA implementation is critical to shaping a just and sustainable future for the European Union citizens and beyond.