This publication is a collaborative effort by Friends of the Earth Europe, EEB, Amigas de la Tierra, and Plataforma Montaña de Caceres.

This factsheet is part of a series of case studies on contested mining projects, developed by civil society organisations. The factsheets illustrate the structural problems associated with mining projects in Europe and beyond, with a view to integrate the experiences of front line communities in EU policies. This factsheet is part of a series of case studies on contested mining projects, developed by civil society organisations. The factsheets illustrate the structural problems associated with mining projects in Europe and beyond, with a view to integrate the experiences of front line communities in EU policies.

ENE is promoting the opening of an underground mine in the Valdeflores valley to extract lithium 1.4 km from the city of Cáceres, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The project plans include a chemical plant 600 metres from the urban area populated by 100,000 people. Furthermore, the construction of dumps and toxic waste ponds are planned right above a karstic and permeable aquifer, which currently serves as a water reservoir for the city during droughts. Moreover, the area has high ecological value and is home to several protected species of fauna and flora. Potential adverse effects on public health, the environment, and cultural heritage have led to widespread protests and public opposition. There are also serious concerns regarding the ability of ENE to execute a project of this scale in an ethical and efficient manner. It is crucial that integrity, transparency, and sustainability be prioritised when selecting projects for EU support. The project violates several Spanish and European environmental and urban regulations. Most importantly, the urban planning regulations, which do not allow any extractive or industrial activity less than 2 km from an urban area.

Due to the social pressure, the company abandoned its initial plan (initiated in 2017) for open-cast mining, shifting to underground mining (in 2021). However, this option remains incompatible with municipal planning regulations and continues to spark massive public opposition.